Ordre naturel pour les chaines de caractères

Le cadre

La comparaison des chaines de caractères se fait souvent avec l'ordre lexicographique. Ainsi

"bonjour" < "salut", en effet "b" < "s".
"1345-test" < "138-test", en effet "1" == "1", puis "3" == "3", puis "4" < "8".

Mais certains logiciels utilisent parfois l'ordre naturel pour comparer des chaines de caractères.

Dans l'ordre naturel ¹, on considère les chiffres consécutifs comme un seul nombre, puis on fait la comparaison lexicographique.

"1345-test" devient [1345, "-test"]
"138-test" devient [138, "-test"]

Et on a [1345, "-test"] > [138, "-test"] ce qui est naturel !

Exemples de transformation

On souhaite transformer

"A115-13" en ["A", 115, "-", 13]
"1345-test" en [1345, "-test"]
"Dossier-0" en ["Dossier-", 0]
Etc

Transformation réciproque : recolle

Réciproquement, on peut facilement recoller ["A", 115, "-", 13] en "A115-13".

Style itératifStyle fonctionnel

🐍 Script Python

def recolle(morceaux):
    chaine = ""
    for bout in morceaux:
        chaine += str(bout)
    return chaine

🐍 Script Python

def recolle(morceaux):
    return "".join(map(str, morceaux))

🐍 Console Python

>>> recolle(["A", 115, "-", 13])
'A115-13'

Exercice

Coder une fonction naturel qui prend en paramètre une chaine de caractères entrée et qui renvoie une liste composée d'entiers et/ou de chaines de caractères sans chiffres issue de la décomposition de l'entrée.

Évaluations restantes : ∞/∞

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Natural sort order : Page en anglais sur le tri par ordre naturel. ↩